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Endesha Ida Mae Holland
Endesha Ida Mae Holland (1944-2006) was a scholar, playwright, and civil rights activist. She never knew her father and was raped at age eleven. Later she was expelled from school and became a prostitute. After following a man she hoped would hire her as a prostitute to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee office, she began volunteering there.〔〔 In 1965 a fire broke out in her family's home, killing her mother; she said afterward that she believed the Ku Klux Klan had firebombed the house in retaliation for her civil rights work.〔 In all, she was jailed thirteen times for her civil rights work.〔 She got a high school equivalency diploma, encouraged by her colleagues in the civil rights movement.〔 She studied at the University of Minnesota beginning in 1965, where she helped start an African-American studies department, and initiated Women Helping Offenders (WHO), a prison-aid program.〔〔 In 1979 she earned a bachelor's degree in African-American studies from the University of Minnesota, followed by a master's in American Studies in 1984 and a Ph.D. in American studies in 1986.〔 In 1981 she was awarded the $1,000 National Lorraine Hansberry Award for the second-best play of 1981.〔 In 1983, she took Endesha as her first name in order to honor her African heritage.〔 She taught at the State University of New York, Buffalo from 1985 to 1993.〔 She was also a professor of theater at the University of Southern California, which she retired from in 2003.〔 She died from complications of ataxia.〔
She was the author of six plays, and was most famous for writing "From the Mississippi Delta," which was performed by the Negro Ensemble Company, at the Goodman Theater in Chicago and at the Young Vic in London. She also wrote a memoir of the same name, published by Simon and Schuster in 1997.〔
A 1998 short documentary called ''Dr. Endesha Ida Mae Holland'' is about her. She was also interviewed as part of the 1994 feature documentary film ''Freedom on My Mind.''
She was married three times, each time ending in divorce.〔
==References==
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